네 개의 원이 서로 접할때, 그 곡률(반지름의 역수) 이 만족시키는 관계

이 네 원은 서로서로 접하므로, 데카르트의 정리를 적용할 수 있다
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프레데릭 소디
영국의 화학자, 1921년 노벨상 수상
1936년 네이쳐에 'The Kiss Precise' 라는 시가 인쇄
The Kiss Precise by Frederick Soddy
For pairs of lips to kiss maybe 한쌍의 입술이 키스를 할땐
Involves no trigonometry. 삼각함수가 필요하지 않을꺼야.
'Tis not so when four circles kiss 하지만 네 원이 서로 키스를 할땐 그렇지 않지
Each one the other three. 각각이 다른 셋과 함께.
To bring this off the four must be
As three in one or one in three.
If one in three, beyond a doubt
Each gets three kisses from without.
If three in one, then is that one
Thrice kissed internally.
Four circles to the kissing come.
The smaller are the benter.
The bend is just the inverse of
The distance from the center.
Though their intrigue left Euclid dumb
There's now no need for rule of thumb.
Since zero bend's a dead straight line
And concave bends have minus sign,
The sum of the squares of all four bends
Is half the square of their sum.
To spy out spherical affairs
An oscular surveyor
Might find the task laborious,
The sphere is much the gayer,
And now besides the pair of pairs
A fifth sphere in the kissing shares.
Yet, signs and zero as before,
For each to kiss the other four
The square of the sum of all five bends
Is thrice the sum of their squares.
데카르트의 공식을 2차 방정식으로 풀면
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S_3,S_4
Introduction to Geometry
Indra's Pearls: The Vision of Felix Klein.
R.L. Graham, J.C. Lagarias, C.L. Mallows, A. Wilks, and C. Yan
The Problem of Apollonius