\begin{array}{c.cccc}&1&2&\cdots&n\\ \hdash1&a_{11}&a_{12}&\cdots&a_{1n}\\ 2&a_{21}&a_{22}&\cdots&a_{2n}\\ \vdots&\vdots&\vdots&\ddots&\vdots\\ n&a_{n1}&a_{n2}&\cdots&a_{nn}\end{array}
a^2 + b^2 &=& c^2\\ \frac{ab}{2} &=& n
\left((x)\right)= \begin{cases} x-\lfloor x\rfloor - 1/2 & \mbox{ if }x\in\mathbb{R}\setminus\mathbb{Z} \\ 0 & \mbox{ if } x\in\mathbb{Z} \end{cases}
g_1(\chi) = \begin{cases} \sqrt{p}, & p \equiv 1 \pmod{4}, \ i \sqrt{p}, & p \equiv 3 \pmod{4}. \end{cases}
\left(\frac{a}{p}\right) = \begin{cases} \;\;\,0\mbox{ if } a \equiv 0 \pmod{p} \\+1\mbox{ if }a \not\equiv 0\pmod{p} \mbox{ and for some integer }x, \;a\equiv x^2\pmod{p} \\-1\mbox{ if there is no such } x. \end{cases}
\tilde y=\left\{ {\ddot x\text{ if $\vec x$ odd}\atop\hat{\,\bar x+1}\text{ if even}}\right
\begin{eqnarray}\int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}}\frac{\theta^{2}}{\sin\theta}\, d\theta & = &\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{4^{n-1}}{n^{2}\binom{2n}{n}}\int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}}2\sin^{2n-1}\theta\, d\theta \nonumber \\ & = &\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{4^{2n-1}}{n^{3}\binom{2n}{n}^{2}} \nonumber \\ & = &\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n} \left[ \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \sin^{2n-1} t \, dt \right] \left[ \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \sin^{2n-1} u \, du \right] \nonumber \\ & = & - \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \frac{\log(1 - \sin^2 t \sin^2 u)}{\sin t \sin u} \, dt du \nonumber \ & = &-\int_{0}^{1}\int_{0}^{1}\frac{\log(1-x^{2}y^{2})}{xy\sqrt{1-x^{2}}\sqrt{1-y^{2}}}\, dxdy \nonumber \end{eqnarray}